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Том 9 №4 2007 год - Нефрология и диализ
Современные тенденции в создании сосудистого доступа для гемодиализа (Обзор литературы)
Беляев А.Ю.
Аннотация: Остижения в технологии гемодиализа в конце прошлого и начале нынешнего века еще раз подтвердили мнение о приоритетном значении качества сосудистого доступа для обеспечения адекватного и безопасного программного гемодиализа (ПГД). В России дополнительный вклад в повышение актуальности вопроса вносит и значимый прогресс в диагностике заболеваний, ведущих к развитию терминальной хронической почечной недостаточности (ТХПН). Следствием этого является значительное ежегодное увеличение числа пациентов, нуждающихся в заместительной почечной терапии, эти показатели в России превышают среднемировые темпы [1]. Улучшение качества гемодиализа и, соответственно, выживаемости пациентов наряду с дефицитом почечных трансплантатов ведет к увеличению сроков нахождения больных на ПГД. Вследствие этого возрастают требования к более продолжительному функционированию сосудистых доступов для гемодиализа. Идеальным сосудистым доступом признается такой, который обеспечивает адекватный кровоток для проведения гемодиализа, функционирует длительно (многие годы) и не имеет осложнений. На сегодняшний день существует несколько основных видов сосудистых доступов, каждый из которых обладает рядом преимуществ и недостатков. В наибольшей степени требованиям, предъявляемым к оптимальному сосудистому доступу, удовлетворяет нативная артериовенозная фистула (АВФ), безоговорочно признающаяся методом выбора при формировании ПСД, что обусловлено низким уровнем осложнений и стабильной функцией в течение многих лет эксплуатации [3, 40, 49, 52, 56]. Поэтому стратегическим направлением развития области является максимально возможное увеличение доли АВФ в качестве сосудистого доступа у больных на гемодиализе [76, 85].
Для цитирования: Беляев А.Ю. Современные тенденции в создании сосудистого доступа для гемодиализа (Обзор литературы). Нефрология и диализ. 2007. 9(4):386-391. doi:
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Ключевые слова: программный гемодиализ,
сосудистый доступ,
артериовенозная фистула,
синтетический сосудистый протез,
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