Российское диализное общество

Просмотр статьи

<< Вернуться к списку статей журнала

Том 14 №3 2012 год - Нефрология и диализ

Лечение вторичного гиперпаратиреоза при хронической болезни почек: новые концепции и инновационные препараты


Ермоленко В.М. Филатова Н.Н. Миленин Д.О. Горелова Е.А.

Аннотация: Предлагаемый обзор посвящен новым представлениям о механизмах развития вторичного гиперпаратиреоза у больных с ХБП и применению инновационных препаратов парикальцитола и цинакальцета, сочетанное назначение которых является стандартом современной терапии этого осложнения хронической уремии.

Для цитирования: Ермоленко В.М., Филатова Н.Н., Миленин Д.О., Горелова Е.А. Лечение вторичного гиперпаратиреоза при хронической болезни почек: новые концепции и инновационные препараты. Нефрология и диализ. 2012. 14(3):150-160. doi:


Весь текст



Ключевые слова: гиперпаратиреоз, хроническая болезнь почек, парикальцитол, цинакальцет, hyperparathyroidism, chronic kidney disease, paricalcitol, cinacalcet

Список литературы:
  1. Волгина Г.В., Балкарова О.В., Штандель В.С., Ловчинский Е.В. Кальцимиметики – новый этап в лечении гиперпаратиреоза // Лечащий врач. 2011. Том 3. С. 1–4.
  2. Добронравов В.А. Современный взгляд на патофизиологию вторичного гиперпаратиреоза: роль фактора роста фибробластов – 23 и Klotho // Нефрология. 2011. Том 15. С. 11–20.
  3. Шутов Е.В., Лашутин С.В., Люосев В.С. и соавт. Новые возможности в лечении вторичного гиперпаратиреоза у больных на программном гемодиализе при комбинированной терапии цинакальцетом и малыми дозами активного метаболита витамина D // Клиническая нефрология. 2011. Том 5. С. 41–46.
  4. Abbond H., Coyne D., Smolenski O. et al. A comparison of dosing regimens of paricalcitol capsule for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stages 3 and 4 // Am. J. Nephrol. 2006. Vol. 26. P. 105–114.
  5. ADHR Consortium (2000) Autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets is associated with mutation in FGF23 // Nat. Genet. 2000. Vol. 26. P. 345–348.
  6. Al-Bard W., Martin K. Vitamin D and kidney disease // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008. Vol. 3. P. 1555–1560.
  7. Agarwal R, Acharya M, Tian J, Hippensteel RL, Melnick JZ, Qiu P et al. Antiproteinuric effect of oral paricalcitol in chronic kidney disease // Kidney International. 2005. Vol. 68. P. 2823–2828.
  8. Alborzi P, Patel NA, Peterson C, et al. Paricalcitol reduces albuminuria and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: a randomized double-blind pilot trial // Hypertension. 2008. Vol. 52. P. 249–255.
  9. Andress DL. Vitamin D treatment in chronic kidney disease // Semin Dial. 2005. Vol. 18. P. 315–221.
  10. Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Arch Intern Med. 2007. Vol. 167. P. 1730–1737.
  11. Baigent C., Burbury C., Wheeler D. Premature cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure // Lancet. 2000. Vol. 356. P. 147–152.
  12. Balint E., Marshall C., Esragne S. Effect of the vitamin D analogues paricalcitol and calcitriol on bone mineral in vitro // Am. J. Kidney. Dis. 2000. Vol. 36. P. 789–796.
  13. Becker L., Koleganova N., Piecha G. et al. Effect of paricalcitol and calcitriol on aortic wall remodeling in uninephrectomized ApoE knockout mice // Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2010 Vol. 300. F772–F782.
  14. Belozeroff V, Goodman WG, Ren L, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Cinacalcet lowers serum alkaline phosphatase in maintenance hemodialysis patients // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2009. Vol. 4. P. 673–679.
  15. Bhan I., Shah A., Holmes J. et al. Post-transplant hypophosphatemia: Tertiary “Hyper-Phosphatoninism”? // Kidney Int. 2006. Vol. 70. P. 1468–1494.
  16. Block G.A., Martin K.J. de Francisco A.L. et al. Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis // N. Engl. J. Med. 2004. Vol. 350. P. 1516–1525.
  17. Blok G., Klassen P., Lazarus J. et al. Mineral metabolism, mortality and morbidity in maintenance hemodialysis // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2004. Vol. 15. P. 2208–2218.
  18. Bostrom K., Watson K., Horn S. et al. Bone morphogenetic protein expression in human atherosclerotic lesions // J. Clin. Investig. 1993. Vol. 91. P. 1800–1809.
  19. Bover J., Aguilar A., Baas J. et al. Calcimimetics in the chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorder // Int. J. Artif. Organs. 2009. Vol. 32. P. 108–121.
  20. Brancaccio D, Cozzolino M, Cannella G et al. Secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic dialysis patients: results of the Italian FARO survey on treatment and mortality // Blood Purif. 2011. Vol. 32. P. 124–32.
  21. Bricker N. On the pathogenesis of the uremic state. An exposition on the “trade-off hypothesis” // N. Engl. J. Med. 1972. Vol. 280. P. 1093–1099.
  22. Cai Q., Hodgson S., Kao P. et al. Brief report: inhibition of renal phosphate transport by a tumor product in a patients with oncogenic osteomalacia // N. Engl. J. Med. 1994. Vol. 330. P. 1645–1649.
  23. Cannata-Andía J.B., Fernández-Martín J.L. Mineral metabolism: Should cinacalcet be used in patients who are not on dialysis? // Nat Rev Nephrol. 2009. Vol. 5. P. 307–308.
  24. Charytan C., Coburn J.W., Chonchol M. et al. Cinacalcet hydrochloride is an effective treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2005. Vol. 46. P. 58–67.
  25. Chen N., O’Neill K.D., Duan D., Moe S.M. Phosphorus and uremic serum up-regulate osteopontin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells // Kidney Int. 2002. Vol. 62. P. 1724–1731.
  26. Chend S., Coyne D. Oral paricalcitol of the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease // Ther. Clin. Risk Manag. 2006. Vol. 2. P. 297–301.
  27. Chonchol M. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet HCL in participants with CKD not receiving dialysis // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2009. Vol. 53. P. 197–207.
  28. Coen G., Mazzaferro S., Ballanti P. et al. Renal bone disease in 76 patients with varying degrees of predialysis chronic renal failure: a cross-sectional study // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1996. Vol. 11. P. 813–819.
  29. Coyne D., Acharya M., Qiu P. et al. Paricalcitol of the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in stage 3 and 4 CKD // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2006. Vol. 47. P. 263–276.
  30. Cozzolino M., DDusso A., Slatopolsky E. Role of calcium – phosphate product and bone associated proteins on vascular calcification in renal failure // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2001. Vol. 12. P. 2511–2516.
  31. Cundy T., Hand D.J., Oliver D.O. et al. Who gets renal bone disease before beginning dialysis? // Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed). 1985. Vol. 290. P. 271–275.
  32. Cunningham J., Danese M., Olson K. et al. Effects of the calcimimetic cinacalcet HCl on cardiovascular disease, fracture, and health-related quality of life in secondary hyperparathyroidism // Kidney Int. 2005. Vol. 68. P. 1793–1800.
  33. de Francisco A.L., Piñera C., Palomar R. Cinacalcet should be used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease // Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol. Vol. 2008. Vol. 4. P. 366–367.
  34. de Zeeuw D., Agarwal R., Amdahl M. et al. Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlled trial // Lancet. 2010. Vol. 376. P. 1543–1551.
  35. Deb D.K., Sun T., Wong K.E. et al. Combined vitamin D analog and AT1 receptor antagonist synergistically block the development of kidney disease in a model of type 2 diabetes // Kidney Int. 2010. Vol. 77. P. 1000–1009.
  36. Decleire P.Y., Devogelaer J.P., Goffin E. et al. Cinacalcet improves bone mineral density in a renal transplant recipient with persistent hyperparathyroidism // Clin. Nephrol. 2008. Vol. 69. P. 231–232.
  37. Dobrez D.G., Mathes A., Amdahl M. et al. Paricalcitol-treated patients experience improved hospitalization outcomes compared with calcitriol-treated patients in real-world clinical settings // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2004. Vol. 19. P. 1174–1181.
  38. Ducy P., Zhand R., Geoffroy V. et al. Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation // Cell. 1997. Vol. 89. P. 747–754.
  39. Felsenfeld A., Rodriduez M. Phosphorus regulation of plasma calcium and secondary hyperparathyroidism: a hypothesis to integrate a historical and modern perspective // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1999. Vol. 10. P. 878–890.
  40. Finch J., Tokumoto M., Nakamura H. et al. Effect of paricalcitol and cinacalcet on serum phosphate, FGF-23 and bone in rats with chronic kidney disease // Am. J. Physiol. 2010. Vol. 298. f1315–f1322.
  41. Fishbane S., Shapiro W.B., Corry D.B. et al. Cinacalcet HCl and concurrent low-dose vitamin D improves treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients compared with vitamin D alone: the ACHIEVE study results // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008. Vol. 3. P. 1718–1725.
  42. Fliser D., Kollerits B., Neyer U. et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) predictor progression of chronic kidney disease: the Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease (MMKD) study // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007. Vol. 18. P. 2601–2608.
  43. Fournier A, Shahapuni I, Harbouche L, Monge M. Calcimimetics for predialysis patients? // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2006. Vol. 47. P. 196; author reply 196–197.
  44. Fukuda A, Wickman LT, Venkatareddy MP et al. Angiotensin II-dependent persistent podocyte loss from destabilized glomeruli causes progression of end stage kidney disease // Kidney Int. 2012. Vol. 81. P. 40–55.
  45. Gafor A., Saidin R., Yean L. et al. Intravenous calcitriol versus paricalcitol in hemodialysis patients with severe hyperparathyroidism // Nephrology. 2009. Vol. 14. P. 488–492.
  46. Gonzales E., Sachdeva A., Oliver D., Martin K. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in chronic kidney disease: a single center observation study // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2004. Vol. 24. P. 503–510.
  47. Goodman W., Goldin J., Kuizon B. et al. Coronary artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis // N. Engl. J. Med. 2000. Vol. 342. P. 1478–1483.
  48. Goodman W., Hladik G.A., Turner S.A. et al. The calcimimetic agent AMG 073 lowers plasma parathyroid hormone levels in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002. Vol. 13. P. 1017–1024.
  49. Gutierrez O., Gutiérrez O.M., Januzzi J.L., Isakova et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease // Circulation. 2009. Vol. 119. P. 2545–2552.
  50. Gutierrez O., Isakowa T., Rhee F. et al. Fibroblast growth factor – 23 mitigates hyperphosphatemia but accentuates calcitriol deficiency in chronic kidney disease // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005. Vol. 16. P. 2205–2215.
  51. Gutierrez O., Mannstadt M., Isakova T. et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis // N. Eng. J. Med. 2008. Vol. 359. P. 584–592.
  52. Heiss A., Duchesne A., Denecke B., et al. Structural basis of calcification inhibition by alpha 2 HS glycoprotein/fetuin-A. Formation of colloidal calciprotein particles // J. Biol. Chem. 2003. Vol. 278. P. 13333–13341.
  53. Husian K., Suarez E., Isidro A., Ferder L. Effect of paricalcitol and enalapril on atherosclerotic injury in mouse aortas // J. Am. Nephrol. 2010. Vol. 32. P. 296–304.
  54. Ichikawa S., Imel E.A., Kreiter M.L. et al. A homozygous missense mutation in human KLOTHO causes severe tumoral calcinosis // J. Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2007. Vol. 7. P. 318–319.
  55. Isakowa T., Wahl P., Vargas G. et al. Fibroblast growth factor – 23 is elevated before parathyroid hormone and phosphate in chronic kidney disease // Kidney Int. 2011. Vol. 79. P. 1370–1378.
  56. Jono S., Uckee M., Murry C. et al. Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification // Circ. Res. 2000. Vol. 87. E10–E17.
  57. Kawarazaki H., Shibagaki Y., Shimizu H. et al. Persistent high level of fibroblast growth factor 23 as a cause of post-renal transplant hypophosphatemia // Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 2007. Vol. 11. P. 255–257.
  58. Kestenbaum B., Sampson J., Rudser K. et al. Serum phosphate levels and mortality risk among people with chromic kidney disease // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005. Vol. 16. P. 520–528.
  59. Ketteler M., Martin K.J., Cozzolino M. et al. Paricalcitol versus cinacalcet plus low-dose vitamin D for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving haemodialysis: study design and baseline characteristics of the IMPACT SHPT study // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2012. Vol. 27. P. 1942–1919.
  60. Kettler M., Bongartz P., Westenftld R. et al. Association of low fetuin A (AHSG) concentration in serum with cardiovascular mortality in patients on dialysis: a cross-sectional study // Lancet. 2003. Vol. 361. P. 827–833.
  61. Khan S., Marx S.E., Nissenson A. et al. Paricalcitol treated hemodialysis patients utilize less erythropoietin than patients not receiving treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism [SHPT] // National Kidney Foundation, Spring Clinical Meeting Orlando, Florida April 14–16. 2010. Poster No. 387.
  62. Kim T.H., Ji J.D. Paricalcitol, a synthetic vitamin D analog: a candidate for combination therapy with biological agents in rheumatoid arthritis // Med. Hypotheses. 2010. Vol. 75 P. 634–635.
  63. Kovesdy C., Lu J., Malakaskas S. et al. Paricalcitol versus ergocalciferol for secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stage 3 and 4: a randomized controlled trial // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2012. Vol. 59. P. 58–66.
  64. Krajishnik T., Bjorklund P., Marsell P. et al. Fibroblast growth factor – 23 regulate parathyroid hormone and 1a-hydroxlylase expression in cultured bovine parathyroid cells // J. Endocrinal. 2007. Vol. 195. P. 125–131.
  65. Krazniak A., Drozdz M., Pasowicz M. et al. Factor involved in vascular calcification and atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients // NDT. 2007. Vol. 22. P. 515–521.
  66. Kroeger P., Ruan X., Burton G. et al. Microarray analysis of differentiated Caco-2 colon carcinoma cell treated with VDR activator // Absts. по TH-PO153 Am. Soc. Nephrol. (ASN). 38th Renal Week Meeting 2005. Nov. 8–13, Philadelphia.
  67. Lazar E.S., Stankus N. Cinacalcet-induced hungry bone syndrome // Semin. Dial. 2007. Vol. 20. P. 83–85.
  68. Lee A., Song X., Khan I. et al. Association of cinacalcet adherence and costs in patients on dialysis // J. Med. Econ. 2011. Vol. 14. P. 798–804.
  69. Levin A., Li Y. Vitamin D and its analogues: do they protect against cardiovascular disease in patients with kidney disease? // Kidney Int. 2005. Vol. 68. P. 1973–1981.
  70. Lien Y.H., Silva A.L., Whittman D. Effects of cinacalcet on bone mineral density in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2005. Vol. 20. P. 1232–1237.
  71. Lin S. et al. Fibroblast growth factor is a counter-regulatory phosphaturic hormone for vitamin D // J. Am. Sic. Nephrol. 2006. Vol. 17. P. 1305–1315.
  72. Lindberg J.S., Culleton B., Wong G. et al. Cinacalcet HCl, an oral calcimimetic agent for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005. Vol. 16. P. 800–807.
  73. Lindberg J.S., Moe S.M., Goodman W.G. et al. The calcimimetic AMG 073 reduces parathyroid hormone and calcium ´ phosphorus in secondary hyperparathyroidism // Kidney Int. 2003. Vol. 63. P. 248–254.
  74. Llach F., Yudd M. Paricalcitol in dialysis patients with calcitriol-resistant secondary hyperparathyroidism // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2001. Vol. 38. P. 45–50.
  75. Li Y.C., Kong J., Wei M. et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system // J. Clin. Invest. 2002. Vol. 110. P. 229–238.
  76. London G., Guerin A., Verbeke F. et al. Mineral metabolism and arterial function in end-stage renal disease: potential role 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007. Vol. 18. P. 613–620.
  77. Lopez I., Aguilera-Tejero E., Mendoza F.J. et al. Calcimimetic R-568 decreases extraosseous calcifications in uremic rats treated with calcitriol // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006. Vol. 17. P. 795–804.
  78. Lund R., Andress D., Amdahe M. et al. Differential effect of paricalcitol and calcitriol on intestinal calcium adsorption in hemodialysis patients // Am. J. Nephrol. 2010. Vol. 31. P. 165–170.
  79. Mandl F. Therapentischar Versuth bein einem Falls von Ostitis Fibrosa generalisata // WKW Zentral. 1926. Vol. 53. P. 260–264.
  80. Marx S.E., Nuijten M., Andress D.L. et al. Cost Effectiveness of Paricalcitol versus a non-selective vitamin D receptor activator for secondary hyperparathyroidism in the UK: a chronic kidney disease markov model // Clin. Drug Investig. 2010. Vol. 30. P. 545–557.
  81. Mascia S., Garofalo C., Donnarumma G. et al. Role of paracalcitol in the management of non-dialysis CKD: state of art. Unmet needs // G. Ital. Nefrol. 2010. Vol. 27. P. 616–628.
  82. Mc Cance R. Osteomalacia with Losser’s nodes (Milkman’s syndrome) due to a raised resistance to vitamin D acquired about the age 15 years // QJM. 1947. Vol. 16. P. 33–47.
  83. Melamed M., Eustace J., Plantinga L. et al. Changes in serum calcium, phosphate and PTH and risk of death in incident dialysis patients: a longitudinal study // Kidney Int. 2006. Vol. 70. P. 351–357.
  84. Messa P., Macário F., Yaqoob M. et al. The OPTIMA study: assessing a new cinacalcet (Sensipar/Mimpara) treatment algorithm for secondary hyperparathyroidism // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008. Vol. 3. P. 36–45.
  85. Mirza M., Larsson A., Melhus H. et al. Serum intact GFG23 associated with left ventricular mass hypertrophy and geometry in an elderly population // Atherosclerosis dio: 10.1016/J atherosclerosis 2009. 05.013.
  86. Mittman N., Desiraju B., Meyer K. et al. Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in ESRD: a 2-year, single-center crossover study // Kidney Int. 2010. Vol. 78. P. 533–536.
  87. Mizobuchi M., Fiunch J., Martin D., Slatopolsky E. Differential effects of vitamin D receptor activators on vascular calcification in uremic rats // Kidney Int. 2007. Vol. 72. P. 709–715.
  88. Moe S., Chertow G., Coburn J. et al. Achieving NKF-K/DOQI bone metabolism and disease treatment goals with cinacalcet HCl // Kidney Int. 2005. Vol. 67. P. 760–771.
  89. Moe S., Drueke T. Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism: the importance and the challenge of controlling parathyroid hormone levels without elevating calcium, phosphorus, and calcium-phosphorus product // Am. J. Nephrol. 2003. Vol. 23. P. 369–379.
  90. Moe S., Drueke T., Cunningham J. et al. Definition, evaluation and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) // Kidney Int. 2006. Vol. 69. P. 1945–1953.
  91. Nabeshima Y. Regulation of calcium homeostasis by a-Klotho and FGF23 // Clin. Calcium. 2010. Vol. 20. P. 1677–1685.
  92. Nakai K., Komava H., Fukagawa M. New insight info the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 in chronic kidney disease // J. Nephrol. 2010. Vol. 23. P. 619–625.
  93. Nakane M., Fey T., Dixon D. et al. Differential effect of vitamin D analogs on bone formation and resorption. // J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2006. Vol. 98. P. 72–77.
  94. Nakane M., Ma J., Rose A. et al. Differential effect of vitamin D analogs on calcium transport. // J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2007. Vol. 103. P. 84–89.
  95. Nakanishi S., Kazama J., Nii-Komo T. et al. Serum fibroblast growth factor 23 levels predict the future refractory hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients // Kidney Int. 2005. Vol. 67. P. 1171–1178.
  96. National Kidney Foundation: K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2003. Vol. 42. P. 1–201.
  97. Naves-Díaz M., Alvarez-Hernández D., Passlick-Deetjen J. et al. Oral active vitamin D is associated with improved survival in hemodialysis patients // Kidney Int. 2008. Vol. 74. P. 1070–1078.
  98. Nguyen-Yamamoto L., Bolivar I., Strugnell S.A., Goltzman D. Comparison of active vitamin D compounds and a calcimimetic in mineral homeostasis // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2010. Vol. 21. P. 1713–1723.
  99. Nowack R., Wachtler P. Hypophosphatemia and hungry bone syndrome in a dialysis patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism treated with cinacalcet-proposal for an improved monitoring // Clin. Lab. 2006. Vol. 52. P. 583–587.
  100. Owen R. On anatomy of the Indian rhinoceros (Rh unicornic) // Trans. Zool. Soc. London. 1862. Vol. 4. P. 31–58.
  101. Perward F. et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 impairs phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism in vivo and suppress 25-hydroxyl vitamin D1-alpha hydroxilase expression in vitro // Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2007. Vol. 293. F1577–F1583.
  102. Pitts T., Piraino B., Mitro R. et al. Hyperparathyroidism and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency in mild, moderate and severe renal failure // J. Clin. Endocrinal. Metab. 1988. Vol. 67. P. 876–881.
  103. Prader A., Illing R., Uehliger R., Stalder G. Rachitic infolder Knochentumors // Helvet. Pediatr. Acta. 1959. Vol. 14. P. 554–565.
  104. Prié D., Ravery V., Boccon-Gibod L. et al. Frequency of renal phosphate leak among patients with calcium nephrolithiasis // Kidney Int. 2001. Vol. 60. P. 272–276.
  105. Quarles L.D., Sherrard D.J., Adler S. et al. The calcimimetic AMG 073 as a potential treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism of end-stage renal disease // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003. Vol. 14. P. 575–583.
  106. Quinibi W., Nolan C., Ayns J. Cardiovascular calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease: a centure-old phenomenon // Kidney Int. Suppl. 2002. Vol. 82. P. 73–80.
  107. Redden D., Szczech L., Tuttle R. et al. Chronic kidney disease, mortality and treatment strategies among patients with clinically signification coronary artery disease // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003. Vol. 14. P. 2373–2380.
  108. Reichel H., Deiber B., Echmidt-Gayk H., Ritz E. Calcium metabolism in early chronic renal failure: implication for the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism // NDT. 1991. Vol. 6. P. 162–169.
  109. Riccardi D., Brown E.M. Physiology and pathophysiology of the calcium-sensing receptor in the kidney // Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2010. Vol. 298. F485–499.
  110. Rickers H., Christiansen C., Christiansen P. et al. Serum concentration of vitamin D metabolites in different degrees of impaired renal function // Nephron. 1985. Vol. 39. P. 267–271.
  111. Rix M., Anduassen H., Eskildsen P. et al. Bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover with predialysis chronic renal failure // Kidney Int. 1999. Vol. 56. P. 1084–1093.
  112. Roussanne M.C., Lieberherr M., Souberbielle J.C. et al. Human parathyroid cell proliferation in response to calcium, NPS R-467, calcitriol and phosphate // Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2001. Vol. 31. P. 610–616.
  113. Sandström I.V. Om en ny körtel hos menniskan och åtskilliga däggdjur // Ups Läk Förh. 1880. Vol. 15. P. 441–471.
  114. Schumock G.T., Walton S.M., Lee T.A. et al. Comparative effectiveness of paricalcitol versus cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving hemodialysis // Nephron. Clin. Pract. 2011. Vol. 117. P. 151–159.
  115. Seiler S., Birgit R., Roth D. et al. FGF-23 and future cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease before initiation of dialysis treatment // NDT. 2010. Vol. 25. P. 3983–3989.
  116. Shearer M. Role of vitamin K and Gla-proteins in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis and vascular calcification // Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. 2000. Vol. 3. P. 433–438.
  117. Shigematsu T., Kazama H., Yamashita T. et al. Possible involvement of circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with renal insufficiency // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2004. Vol. 44. P. 250–256.
  118. Shimada T. et al. FGF-23 is a potent regulator of vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis // J. Bone Miner. Res. 2004. Vol. 19. P. 429–435.
  119. Shimada T., Mizutani S., Muto T. et al. Cloning and characterization of FGF23 as causative factor of tumor-induced osteomalacia // Proc. Natl. Sci USA. 2001. Vol. 98. P. 6500–6505.
  120. Shimada T., Muto T., Urakawa I. et al. Mutant FGF23 responsible for autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets is resistant to proteolyc cleavage and causes hypophosphatemia in vivo // Edocrinology. 2002. Vol. 143. P. 3179–3182.
  121. Shioi A., Nishizawa Y., Jono S. et al. Beta-glycerophosphate accelerates calcification in cultured bovine vascular smooth muscle cell // Atheroscler. Tromb. Vasc. Boil. 1995. Vol. 15. P. 2003–2009.
  122. Shireman T.I., Almehmi A., Wetmore J.B. et al. Economic analysis of cinacalcet in combination with low-dose vitamin D versus flexible-dose vitamin D in treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2010. Vol. 56. P. 1108–1116.
  123. Slatopolsky E., Brown A, Dusso A., et al. Role phosphorus in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2001. Vol. 37. P. 354–357.
  124. Slatopolsky E., Cozzolino M., Finch J. Differential effect of 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 and 1a-hydroxyvitamin D2 on calcium and phosphorus in normal and uremic rats // Kidney Int. 2002. Vol. 62. P. 1277–1284.
  125. Spasovski G., Bervoets A., Behets G., et al. Spectrum of renal bone disease in end-stage renal failure patients not yet on dialysis // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2003. Vol. 18. P. 1159–1166.
  126. Sprague S., Llaeh L., Amdahl M. et al. Paricalcitol versus calcitriol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism // Kidney Int. 2003. Vol. 63. P. 1483–1490.
  127. Sterz R., Frye C. Paricalcitol treatment in ckd patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with fewer infection-related events when compared with no vitamin d receptor [VDR] activator treatment // XLVII ERA-EDTA Congress Abstract 450643.
  128. Stevens L., Djurdjev O., Cardev S. et al. Calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels in combination and as a function of dialysis duration predict mortality: evidence for complexity of the association between mineral metabolism and outcomes // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2004. Vol. 15. P. 770–779.
  129. Szeto C.C., Chow K.M., Kwan B.C. et al. Oral calcitriol for the treatment of persistent proteinuria in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: an uncontrolled trial // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2008. Vol. 51. P. 724–731.
  130. Tenfori F., Blayney M., Albert J. et al. Mortality risk for dialysis patients with different levels of serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study (DOPPS) // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2008. Vol. 52. P. 531–540.
  131. Teng M., Wolf M., Lowrie E. et al. Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with paricalcitol or calcitriol therapy // N. Engl. J. Med. 2003. Vol. 349. P. 446–56.
  132. Ureña P., Jacobson S., Zitt E. et al. Cinacalcet and achievement of the NKF/K-DOQITM recommended target values for bone and mineral metabolism in real-world clinical practice – the ECHO observational study // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2009. Vol. 24. P. 2852–2859.
  133. Wada K., Wada Y., Iino Y. Two cases of acute renal hemorrhage undergoing maintenance hemodialysis after concurrent administration of cinacalcet // Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 2011. Vol. 15. P. 783–787.
  134. Wald R., Sarnak M., Tighionart H. et al. Disordered mineral metabolism in hemodialysis patients: an analysis of cumulative effects in Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2008. Vol. 52. P. 531–540.
  135. Wang S., Lapage J., Hirschberg R. Loss of tubular bone morphogenetic protein-7 in diabetic nephropathy // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2001. Vol. 12. P. 2392–2399.
  136. Weaver C.A., Gordon D.F., Kissil M.S. et al. Isolation and complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for bovine parathyroid hormone // Gene. 1984. Vol. 28. P. 319–329.
  137. White K., Jonsson K., Carn G. et al. The autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) gene is a secreted polypeptide overexpressed by tumor that cause phosphate wasting // J. Clin. Edocrinol. Metab. 2001. Vol. 86. P. 497–500.
  138. Wu-Wong R., Nakane M., Ma J. et al. Effect of vitamin D analogs on gene expression profiling in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells // Atherosklerosis. 2006. Vol. 186. P. 20–28.
  139. Wu-Wong R., Nakane M., Ma J. et al. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney failure: the role of VDR2 activators // Curr. Opin. in Investig Drugs. 2006. Vol. 7. P. 206–213.
  140. Yang H., Curinga G., Glachelli C. Elevated extracellular calcium levels induce smooth muscle cell matrix mineralization in vitro // Kidney Int. 2004. Vol. 66. P. 2293–2299.
  141. Young E., Albert J., Satayahum S. et al. Predictors and consequences of altered mineral metabolism: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study // Kidney Int. 2005. Vol. 67. P. 1179–1187.
  142. Zahir A., Autier P., Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials // Arch. Intern. Med. 2007. Vol. 167. P. 1730–1737.

Другие статьи по теме


Навигация по статьям
Разделы журнала
Наиболее читаемые статьи
Журнал "Нефрология и диализ"